TYPE II ARNOLD CHIARI MALFORMATION
\tˈa͡ɪp ɹˌə͡ʊmən tˈuː ˈɑːnə͡ʊld t͡ʃˈa͡ɪ͡əɹi mˌalfɔːmˈe͡ɪʃən], \tˈaɪp ɹˌəʊmən tˈuː ˈɑːnəʊld tʃˈaɪəɹi mˌalfɔːmˈeɪʃən], \t_ˈaɪ_p ɹ_ˌəʊ_m_ə_n_ t_ˈuː ˈɑː_n_əʊ_l_d tʃ_ˈaɪə_ɹ_i m_ˌa_l_f_ɔː_m_ˈeɪ_ʃ_ə_n]\
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A group of congenital malformations involving the brainstem, cerebellum, upper spinal cord, and surrounding bony structures. Type II is the most common, and features compression of the medulla and cerebellar tonsils into the upper cervical spinal canal and an associated MENINGOMYELOCELE. Type I features similar, but less severe malformations and is without an associated meningomyelocele. Type III has the features of type II with an additional herniation of the entire cerebellum through the bony defect involving the foramen magnum, forming an ENCEPHALOCELE. Type IV is a form a cerebellar hypoplasia. Clinical manifestations of types I-III include TORTICOLLIS; opisthotonus; HEADACHE; VERTIGO; VOCAL CORD PARALYSIS; APNEA; NYSTAGMUS; swallowing difficulties; and ATAXIA. (From Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed, p261; Davis, Textbook of Neuropathology, 2nd ed, pp236-46)
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basidiomycota
- comprises fungi bearing the spores on basidium: Gasteromycetes (puffballs); Tiliomycetes (comprising orders Ustilaginales (smuts) and Uredinales (rusts)); Hymenomycetes (mushrooms; toadstools; agarics; bracket fungi); in some classification systems considered a division of kingdom comprises fungi bearing spores on a basidium; includes Gasteromycetes (puffballs) Tiliomycetes comprising the orders Ustilaginales (smuts) and Uredinales (rusts) Hymenomycetes (mushrooms, toadstools, agarics bracket fungi).
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